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Arabica coffee beans are characterized by a distinctive flavor. Unlike their low-elevation counterpart, Robusta, which has greater resistance to diseases and pests, Arabica is more susceptible.

The Arabicica variety with the highest quality is the one most sought-after by specialty roasters and high-end coffee shops. But what makes this type of coffee so desirable? Scientists have uncovered the reason behind this: altitude.

High Altitudes

With a rich history that spans from Ethiopia and Yemen to lower Africa, coffee has found its way into the hearts of many, making up the majority of the world's coffee production. While low-elevation coffee is commercially viable and is the basis for the instant brew found in grocery stores, true coffee lovers look for specialty arabicas that are grown at high altitudes to elicit a more complex flavor profile.

The mountainous regions of the world's foremost coffee-producing countries--Central and South America, Southern Asia and a few Pacific Islands, and mid to southern Africa provide ideal growing conditions for high-grown arabica coffee beans. These high-elevation climates are frost free and offer a pleasant climate with an average annual temperature of 64-73 degrees Fahrenheit.

Cool mountain temperatures delay the coffee plant's growth cycle and permit a longer maturation process. This allows the coffee beans to absorb different flavors from their surrounding environment and imbue them with unique characteristics. The prolonged maturation helps prevent the coffee bean borer which is a tiny insect that feeds on the beans. It also helps to keep out the coffee leaf miner, a moth, that inhibits photosynthesis, and can reduce productivity.

The combination of these factors contributes to a superior flavor and aroma profile in comparison to lower elevation coffees. Coffee grown at higher elevations has a higher concentration of sweet flavors, such as citrus, fruit and vanilla, while being richer and smoother than their lower-elevation counterparts. Roasters like this bean due to its sweetness, richness of flavor and consistency.

High-grown arabica coffee is known as strictly high-grown or strictly hard bean. This means that the coffee was grown at a higher altitude than 4,000 feet. The beans are typically cultivated on volcanic soil, and they are shade-grown or organically grown. This adds to their already amazing flavors. They are more dense because they mature and grow slower than beans grown at lower altitudes. This results in an even stronger and consistent coffee. This distinctive characteristic makes SHG and SHB arabica the preferred type of coffee for roasters looking to make a great cup.

Cool Climate

The tropical zone that spans the tropical regions of Cancer and Capricorn, also known as the coffee belt, is home to the world's premier coffee growing regions. High grown arabica coffee beans are produced in these mountainous regions where the low altitudes and cool climate provide the perfect conditions for the plant to flourish.

Arabica plants can withstand the most diverse climate conditions. However, their most successful growth occurs in subtropical regions with cool night temperatures and warm daytime temperatures. This unique climate allows for the plant to develop unique flavours that reflect freedom. These flavors are what make coffee so distinctive.

While the popularity of instant coffees with low elevation at your local supermarket is increasing, coffee lovers and experts agree that these types tend to be bitter and less flavorful compared to specialty coffee beans that are grown at higher elevations. The majority of the coffee consumed around the globe is high-altitude coffee.

The finest arabica coffee beans tend to be grown between 3000 and 6,500 feet above sea level. The combination of high altitude, cool climate, and fertile soil is the reason these beans are unique and delicious.

Coffee farmers are always on the lookout for the perfect conditions for soil that will encourage the growth of high-quality arabica coffee plants. The ideal soil will have a high humus content with a smooth, draining texture. This type of soil is ideal for growing arabica because it promotes the development of healthy roots and also helps to reduce the incidence of the incidence of plant diseases.

Coffee farms prefer a climate that is cool and has a distinct dry period. These climate patterns allow plants to mature slower, which results in an even more dense and flavorful coffee.

Well-Drained Soil

Contrary to the low-elevation varieties that are grown to produce mass quantities and line the aisles of grocery stores The high-quality arabica coffee beans are coveted by coffee lovers for their unique and refined flavor. The coffee trees are protected by tall canopy trees and the volcanic soil is abundant in nutrients. This makes the perfect conditions for the cultivation of these particular beans. The soil is high in nutrients and allows the roots to absorb them, but drains quickly so that there aren't any stagnant puddles.

Arabian coffee plants have a long taproot and thin fibrous roots that stretch outwards for 3 to 4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters). The flowers of the cherry are small and fragrant, as well as white. These drupes have two seeds inside and are ripe when they're red or purple in color. The arabica plant can self-fertilize and does not require cross pollination in order to produce fruit.

The cool climate at higher altitudes slows the coffee plant's growth cycle, which allows the beans to mature more slowly and develop more complex flavors. This results in a more rich, more complex taste that is much more potent than lower-elevation coffees.

At high altitudes the temperatures are cooler and the air is more humid. The cool climate is perfect for the sensitive growth of the coffee plant and it aids in reducing the spread of diseases and pests that plague lower-elevation plants.

Because of the unique soil and climate characteristics high-altitude coffee farms are able produce far more beans than low-elevation farms. You can find these premium beans at specialty cafes and in top coffee roasters.

If you are planning to grow your own arabica plant pay close attention to the requirements of your particular plant and select the right soil mix to align with these requirements. Avoid commercial mixes that contain too many ingredients, which could hinder the roots of your plant from developing. Incorporate compost or other organic matter to increase the retention of water, without creating a concrete-like surface. Water your plant when the soil dries out to the touch, and avoid excessive or under-watering which can cause root decay.

Unique Flavors

The distinctive flavor profile of arabica beans makes them sought-after. They are more rich and nuanced than other coffee types with notes of chocolate, caramel fruits, and flowers. The careful cultivation and roasting of beans results in smoother and more sweet taste. They are also less acidic and contain less caffeine than other varieties. They are, therefore, less bitter and more enjoyable to drink.

Arabica beans are grown in mountainous regions of the world, which are part of the Coffee Belt, a tropical band that stretches across 30 degrees north and south of the equator. The most affluent beans are grown in this region. The coffee plants are grown in volcanic and other nutrient-rich soils, which produce small fruit, which are referred to as coffee cherries.

These cherries have two seeds within them. The seeds are separated from the fleshy outer layer once they begin to ripen, and then are crushed and roasted to make the coffee. Arabica beans are regarded as a premium coffee bean since they are more expensive and possess a greater flavor.

The high altitudes in which arabica coffee beans for sale beans are grown is one of the major factors that influence the taste and quality of these beans. The cooler climate, the fertile volcanic soils and the cooler climate make arabica beans taste much better than those grown at lower elevation. Higher altitudes also have a positive impact on the maturation of coffee beans. The cooler temperatures slow down the growth cycle of the beans, giving them the chance to mature.

The various coffee-growing regions across the globe each possess their own distinct flavors and characteristics. The exclusive arabica coffee beans beans from Central America are known to have a balanced and balanced composition, with a light body. The beans from Ethiopia and Kenya, on the contrary, are noted for their sweet and savory flavor. Each region and country has a distinct soil type and that is why every bean has a distinct flavor. Certain soils can hold water well and give a rich chocolatey flavor, while others have a sand-like texture that makes the coffee taste less sweet.